Overclocking in simple term means running your computer's CPU at a speed higher than what was intended by the manufacturer. Overclocking is increasing the clock rate of a processor beyond its rating for the purpose of increasing system speed without buying a new, faster, but more expensive processor.
"Overclocking" is a slang term, and not an engineering or scientific term. The correct technical terms are "speed-margining" (more common) and "undertiming" (less common). One can also "overclock" the computer's bus. The 'overclocking' describes the process of running your CPU at a clock and/or bus speed that the CPU hasn't been specified for - logically, that speed is usually higher.
The tempting idea behind overclocking is to increase system performance at very little or no cost. In many cases you only need to change a few settings on your motherboard to make your system run faster. In other cases you only have to add a few components (usually for cooling) to achieve the performance increase.
In the past, overclocking was usually nothing more than increasing a CPU's clock speed to that of the next higher model, e.g. a Pentium 120 to a Pentium 133. Now, with new bus speeds available on several motherboards, you can change the clock and bus speed of a CPU to values that don't officially exist. This new way of overclocking is yielding an even higher performance increase than the classic one. It even gives you the ability to increase the performance of the fastest model of a particular CPU production line (e.g. P200 to 250 MHz, Pentium Pro 200 to 233 MHz).
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